PENGARUH KEBUTUHAN AIR IRIGASI TERHADAP PENURUNAN MUKA AIR TANAH MENGGUNAKAN MODFLOW-USG DI SRAGEN, JAWA TENGAH
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32679/jsda.v18i1.736Abstract
One of the determining factors in food security is the availability of agriculture water. Due to decreasing of rainfall and runoff, groundwater is one of the solutions for attaining agriculture's water needs. Groundwater has been depleted in the western region of Sragen Regency. It is necessary to investigate the groundwater level depletion in Sragen Regency so that production can be increased without overexploitation. MODFLOW-USG was used to simulate groundwater conditions mathematically. The model is based on current conditions and projected until 2033, with various scenarios for irrigation necessity which has 1, 0.8 and 0.7 l/s/ha that represented as conventional, System of Rice Intensification (SRI), and Alternate Wetting And Drying (AWD). For current conditions, model results show that groundwater level (GWL) decreased by 7.9 m from 1996 – 2019 without a scenario. Simulations from 2020 to 2033 using conventional water necessity show a decrease in GWL up to 2.585 m, 1.895 m for the SRI method, and 1.788 m for the AWD method. According to this result, the AWD water necessity is the most effective both in reducing groundwater table declining and maintaining plant productivity. However, the decreasing in GWL would occur as long as groundwater withdrawal continued, regardless of the scenario. Therefore, it is proposed to fulfill agricultural land’s water with other water resources such as reservoir or retention basins. Furthermore, there is a need for cropping patterns and scheduling that affect the amount of water demand, so water needs are met and do not over-exploiting the groundwater.
Keywords: Groundwater, MODFLOW-USG, conventional, SRI, AWD
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Abstrak
Ketersediaan air untuk lahan pertanian menjadi salah satu faktor penentu dalam ketahanan pangan. Curah hujan dan air permukaan yang kian menurun menjadikan air tanah sebagai salah satu solusi pemenuhan kebutuhan air lahan petanian. Kabupaten Sragen bagian Barat telah mengalami penurunan air tanah. Kajian penurunan muka air tanah di Kabupaten Sragen perlu dilakukan sehingga produksi tetap dapat ditingkatkan tanpa eksploitasi berlebihan. Kondisi air tanah dimodelkan secara matematis menggunakan MODFLOW-USG. Pemodelan dilakukan pada kondisi aktual dan diproyeksi hingga tahun 2033 dengan berbagai skenario kebutuhan air irigasi sebesar 1, 0,8 dan 0,7 l/s/ha yang merepresentasikan metode pemberian air konvensional, System of Rice Intensification (SRI), dan Alternate Wetting And Drying (AWD). Hasil pemodelan menunjukkan penurunan muka air tanah (MAT) mencapai 7,9 m dari tahun 1996 – 2019 tanpa skenario. Simulasi dari tahun 2020 – 2033 menggunakan kebutuhan air konvensional menunjukkan penurunan MAT mencapai 2,585 m; metode SRI mencapai 1,895 m; dan metode AWD mencapai 1,788 m. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, kebutuhan air AWD adalah yang paling efektif untuk mengurangi penurunan muka air tanah sekaligus mempertahankan produktivitas tanaman. Penurunan MAT akan tetap terjadi jika pengambilan air tanah tetap berlangsung walaupun dengan adanya skenario yang dilakukan. Oleh karena itu, diusulkan agar kebutuhan air lahan pertanian juga dapat dipenuhi dari sumber air lain seperti waduk atau embung. Selain itu, perlu adanya penjadwalan dan pola tanam yang berpengaruh terhadap besarnya kebutuhan air, sehingga kebutuhan air tetap terpenuhi dan tidak mengeksploitasi air tanah secara berlebihan.
Kata Kunci: Air tanah, MODFLOW-USG, konvensional, SRI, AWD
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