KAJIAN BERBAGAI TIPE PENGELOLAAN WILAYAH SUNGAI DI ASIA SEBAGAI ACUAN DALAM PENENTUAN SISTEM PENGELOLAAN SUMBERDAYA AIR
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32679/jsda.v10i1.141Abstract
Pengelolaan sumber daya air terpadu merupakan kegiatan yang sangat penting guna mendapatkan jaminan ketersediaan air yang mencakup perspektif antarsektor, kesenjangan kebutuhan mendatang, dan ketersediaan saat ini serta berorientasi pada tiga pertimbangan utama, yaitu: sosial, ekonomi, dan lingkungan. Dalam dekade terakhir banyak negara di Asia telah menerapkan kebijakan nasional dalam pengelolaan air dengan sistem pengelolaan sumber daya air pada wilayah sungai walaupun penerapannya masih dalam tahap permulaan. Pengelolaan sumber daya air terpadu di wilayah sungai dilaksanakan dengan baik oleh organisasi pengelola sungai dengan memfasilitasi dan/atau melaksanakan berbagai proses pembangunan dan pengelolaan. Di Asia berbagai pengelola sungai, baik kecil maupun besar membantu pemerintah dan pemilik kepentingan dalam merealisasikan pengelolaan sumber daya air terpadu. Beberapa pengelola sungai merupakan organisasi pemerintah. Namun, dalam beberapa kasus, untuk memberikan keleluasaan serta otonomi, baik dalam pengelolaan, pengembangan, maupun keuangan digunakan sistem perusahaan atau semi-perusahaan. Tulisan ini mengkaji perbedaan di antara tiga tipe sistem pengelolaan wilayah sungai, yaitu: komite, publik/pemerintah, dan korporasi. Dengan demikian, dapat ditentukan tipe/jenis pengelolaan yang paling sesuai untuk diterapkan di suatu wilayah sungai.References
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