PENDEKATAN SUPPLY-DEMAND UNTUK IDENTIFIKASI INDEKS KEKRITISAN AIR DI PULAU JAWA, INDONESIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32679/jsda.v18i1.735Abstract
Water supply and demand are the most discussed issue in the world including in Indonesia. Java with the largest population and center for industrial and agricultural activities in Indonesia faces problems in water availability and water demand. This condition illustrates the potential of Java to experience water scarcity. This study analyzes water status in Java using the water balance approach and Water Scarcity Index. The analysis was carried out to evaluate changes in the annual water balance during a period of the 10-year average (1981-1990, 1991-2000, and 2001-2010). The rainfall data from CHIRPS and air temperature from CRU were used to calculate water availability. Water demand is calculated for the domestic, industrial, agricultural, and environmental sectors based on Indonesia water use standards. The results indicate that the average water availability in Java varies in each period. The highest water availability occurred in 1981-1990 (160 billion m3/year), while the lowest was in 1991-2000 (149 billion m3/year}. The water availability decreased from 1981 to 2010, on a per capita basis. The water scarcity index also changes every period. The area experiencing a water deficit as described by their water scarcity index as a very critical class. Moreover, DKI Jakarta and East Java Provinces are in very critical condition with more than 50% area. Based on the study results, evaluation of water balance and water scarcity index can be used to describe the water status in a certain area as the reference for decision-makers in determining programs in water resources management.
Keyword: Water status, water balance, water resources management, water scarcity, spatial analysis
Abstrak
Ketersediaan dan kebutuhan air merupakan isu yang paling banyak dibahas di dunia termasuk di Indonesia. Pulau Jawa merupakan salah satu pulau dengan jumlah penduduk terbesar di Indonesia, sekaligus sebagai pusat kegiatan industri dan pertanian juga menghadapi masalah tidak hanya pada ketersediaan air tetapi juga dalam kebutuhan air. Kondisi ini menggambarkan potensi Pulau Jawa mengalami kelangkaan air. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi status air di Pulau Jawa menggunakan pendekatan neraca air dan water scarcity index (WSI). Analisis dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi perubahan neraca air tahunan Pulau Jawa dalam setiap periode rata-rata 10 tahunan (1981-1990, 1991-2000, dan 2001-2010). Penelitian ini menggunakan data curah hujan dari CHIRPS dan suhu udara dari CRU untuk menghitung ketersediaan air. Kebutuhan air dihitung untuk sektor domestik, industri, pertanian, dan lingkungan dari standar penggunaan air Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ketersediaan air rata-rata Pulau Jawa jumlahnya berbeda-beda setiap periodenya. Ketersediaan air tertinggi terjadi pada periode 1981-1990 (160 miliar m3/tahun), sedangkan terendah pada periode 1991-2000 (149 miliar m3/tahun). Dilihat secara perkapita, ketersediaan air Pulau Jawa mengalami penurunan (1981-2010). Selain kondisi defisit air yang mengalami perubahan setiap periodenya, kondisi tingkat kekritisan air wilayah juga ikut berubah setiap periodenya. Kabupaten/kota yang mengalami defisit air menggambarkan tingkat kekritisannya berada dalam kelas sangat kritis. Sebagian besar (> 50%) wilayah Provinsi DKI Jakarta dan Jawa Timur berada dalam kondisi sangat kritis. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, evaluasi neraca air dan indeks kekritisan air dapat digunakan untuk menggambarkan status air di suatu wilayah yang mampu menjadi referensi pengambil kebijakan dalam menentukan prioritas program dalam pengelolaan sumberdaya air.
Kata Kunci: Status air, neraca air, pengelolaan sumber daya air, tingkat kritis air, analisis spasial
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
The Authors submitting a manuscript do so on the understanding that if accepted for publication, copyright of the article shall be assigned to Jurnal Sumber Daya Air and Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Air as publisher of the journal.Copyright encompasses exclusive rights to reproduce and deliver the article in all form and media, including reprints, photographs, microfilms and any other similar reproductions, as well as translations. The reproduction of any part of this journal, its storage in databases and its transmission by any form or media, such as electronic, electrostatic and mechanical copies, photocopies, recordings, magnetic media, etc. , will be allowed only with a written permission from Jurnal Sumber Daya Air and Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Air.
Jurnal Sumber Daya Air and Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Air, the Editors and the Advisory International Editorial Board make every effort to ensure that no wrong or misleading data, opinions or statements be published in the journal.