Pengembangan metode bioasesmen untuk penilaian kualitas air Sungai Cihampelas di DAS Citarum
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32679/jsda.v13i1.173Kata Kunci:
Bioasesmen, kualitas air, makrozoobentos, diatom perifitonAbstrak
Sungai Cihampelas merupakan anak sungai Citarum yang mengalir melintasi wilayah Kabupaten dan Kota Bandung sepanjang 8,5 km. Perairan Sungai Cihampelas dimanfaatkan masyarakat untuk kegiatan domestik, pariwisata, pertanian, dan perikanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kelas air berdasarkan Indeks Pencemaran dan kualitas air berdasarkan Indeks Integritas Biotik Makrozoobentos dan Diatom Perifiton. Penelitian dilakukan di empat stasiun Sungai Cihampelas yang mewakili daerah yang minim gangguan hingga daerah yang diprediksi mengalami gangguan diantaranya Cilengkrang, Cisurupan, Pasanggrahan, dan Mekarmulya. Pencuplikan air, makrozoobentos, dan diatom perifiton dilakukan pada bulan Juli hingga September 2016 sebanyak empat kali dengan interval waktu dua minggu. Berdasarkan Indeks Pencemaran, sepanjang aliran sungai Cihampelas tergolong kelas air I hingga IV+. Penilaian kualitas air dengan menggunakan Indeks Integritas Biotik Makrozoobentos menunjukkan bahwa Sungai Cihampelas memiliki kategori sangat baik hingga buruk dengan nilai indeks berkisar antara 4—18. Kualitas air Sungai Cihampelas menunjukkan kategori sangat baik hingga buruk berdasarkan nilai Indeks Integritas Biotik Diatom Perifiton yang berkisar antara 3—15. Hasil analisis korelasi Spearman menunjukkan bahwa Indeks Pencemaran (kelas air) memiliki korelasi negatif dan lebih kuat terhadap Indeks Integritas Biotik Makrozoobentos dibandingkan Indeks Integritas Biotik Diatom Perifiton.Referensi
Angermeier, P. L. dan Karr, J. R. 1994. Biological integrity versus biological diversity as policy directives protecting biotic resources. BioScience 44 : 690─697.
APHA-AWWA-WEF. 2012. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater 22th Edition, American Public Health Association, Washington DC, USA.
Azim, M. E. 2010. Photosynthetic Periphyton and surface, 175─182 dalam Likens, G. E., Plankton of Inland Water, 412 hal., Academic Press, New York.
Baptista, D. F, D. F. Buss, M. Egler, A. Giovanelli, M. P, dan Silveira, J. L.
Nessimian. 2007. A multimetric index based on benthic macroinvertebrates for evaluation of Atlantic Forest streams at Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Hydrobiologia 575: 83–94.
Barbour, M.T., Gerritsen, J., Snyder, B.D., dan Stribling, J.B. 1999. Rapid Bioassessment Protocols for Use in Stream and Wadeable Rivers: Periphyton, Bentic Macroinvertebrates and Fish. 2nd Edition. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. 1999. Document No. 841-B-99-002.
Barbour, M. T., Swietlik, W. F., Jackson, S. K., Courtemanch, D. L., Davies,
S. P., dan Yoder, C. O. 2000. Measuring the attainment of biological integrity in the USA: A critical element of ecological integrity. Hydrobiologia 422/423 : 453–464.
Bere, T. dan Tundisi, J. G. 2010. Biological monitoring of lotic ecosystems: the role of diatoms. Braz. J. Biol. 70 : 493−502.
Biggs B. J. F dan Kilroy, C. 2000. Stream periphyton monitoring manual. the New Zealand ministry for the environment, NIWA, Christchuch, 121−204.
Boonsoong, B, Sangpradub N. , dan Barbour, M. T. 2009. Development of rapid bioassessment approaches using benthic macroinvertebrates for Thai streams. Environment Monitoring Assessment.Published online; 17 Juli 2008 Springer Science + Business Media B.V. 2008.
Cretaz, A. L. dan Barten, P. K. 2007. Land use effect on stream flow and water quality in the Northeastern United States, 83─103, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida.
Davis, W. S. 2002. Best practice for the development and interpretation of biological indices, USEPA.
Dudgeon D. 1999. Tropical Asian Streams. Hongkong University Press. Hongkong
Epler, J. H. 2001. Identification manual for the larval Chironomidae (Diptera) of North and South Carolina. Department of Environment and Natural Resources, North Carolina.
Fore L. S., Karr, J. R., dan Conquest, L. L. 1993. Statistical properties of index of biological integrity used to evaluate water resource. Can. J. Fish Aquatic. Sci. 51 : 1077─1087.
Gitarama, A. M., Krisanti M., dan Agungpriyono, D. R. 2016. Komunitas Makrozoobentos dan Akumulasi Kromium di Sungai Cimanuk Lama, Jawa Barat (Macrozoobenthic Communities and Accumulation of Chromium in Cimanuk Lama River, West Java). Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia (JIPI) Vol. 21 (1).
Hadi, N. 2012. Penilaian kesehatan Sungai Pesanggrahan dari hulu (bogor, jawa barat) hingga hilir (Kembangan, DKI Jakarta) dengan metrik Indeks of Biotic Integrity (IBI) (Skripsi). Jurusan Biologi. FMIPA. Universitas Indonesia.
Hauer, F. R., dan Resh, V. H. 2006. 435─464 dalam Hauer, F. R. dan Lamberti, G. A, Methods in Stream Ecology, Second Edition, 896 hal., Academic Press, Elsevier, USA.
Herbst, D. B. dan E. L. Silldorff. 2009. Development of a Benthic Macroinvertebrate Index of Biological Integrity (IBI) for Stream Assessments in the Eastern Sierra Nevada of California. Final Technical Report.
Jun, Y. C., Won, D. H., Lee, S. H., Kong, D. S, dan Hwang, S. J. 2012. A Multimetric Benthic Macroinvertebrate Index for the Assessment of Stream Biotic Integrity in Korea. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 9.
Kani, K. M. dan Murugesan, A. G. 2014. Assessment of River Water Quality Using Macroinvertebrate Organisms as Pollution Indicators of Tamirabarani River Basin, Tamil Nadu, India. International Journal of Environmental Protection. Vol. 4 (1) : 1−14.
Karr, J. R. 1981. Assessment of biotic integrity using fish communities. Fisheries 6 : 21–27.
Karr, J. R. dan Dudley, D. R. 1981. Ecological perspective on water quality goals. Environmental Management 5 : 55−68.
Keputusan Menteri Negara Lingkungan Hidup No. 115 tahun 2003 tentang pedoman penentuan status mutu air.
Kupe, L., Schanz, F., dan Bachofen, R. 2008. Biodiversity in the benthic diatom community in the upper river Toss reflected in water quality indices. Clean-Journal 36: 84–91.
Lacouture, R., Johnson, J., Buchanan, C., dan Marshall, H. 2006. Phytoplankton index of biotic integrity for Chesapeake Bay and its tidal tributaries. Estuaries and Coasts. 29 : 598–616.
Mayaningtias, P. 2010. Pengembangan biokriteria untuk menilai kualitas sungai dengan menggunakan larva Chironomidae (Diptera) di Sungai Ciliwung (Disertasi). Sekolah Ilmu dan Teknologi Hayati. Institut Teknologi Bandung.
Muntalif, B. S., Chasanah N., dan Faza, M. F. 2015. Relationship Population Density Of Aquatic Sediment Macrozoobenthos To River Water Quality Parameters (Case Study: Citarum Upstream, Subdistrict Kertasari, Bandung Regency). The Third Joint Seminar of Japan and Indonesia Environmental Sustainability and Disaster Prevention (3rd ESDP-2015) Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia – November 25th, 2015.
Muralidharan, M., Selvakumar, C., Sundar, S., dan Raja, M. 2010. Macroinvertebrates as Potential Indicators of Environmental Quality. Review Article. International Year of Biodiversity. Vol. 1 (Special Issue).
Perera, L. G. R. Y., Wattavidanage, J. dan Nilakarawasam, N. 2012. Development of a Macroinvertebrate–based Index of Biotic Integrity (MIBI) for Colombo-Sri Jayewardenepura Canal System. Journal of Tropical Forestry and Environment 2 : 10−19.
Prescott, G. W. 1964. How to know freshwater algae, WM. C. Brown Company Publishers, Dubuque, Lowa, 222─249.
Qu, X., Zhou, Y., Zhao, R., Bentsen, C., Yin, X., dan Zhang, Y. 2014. Are diatom for river health assessment in China? A case study from Taizi River, Northeastern China. British Journal of Environment & Climate Change 4 : 95−114.
Rashleigh, B., Paulson, S., Flotemersch, J., dan Pelletier, P. 2013. Biological assessment of streams and rivers in U.S. - design, methods, and analysis. Journal of Ecology and Environmental 36 : 85−88.
Sangpradub, N., dan Boonsoong, B. 2006. Identification of freshwater invertebrates of the Mekong river and tributaries. Mekong River Commission, Vientiane.
Schneider, S. C., Lawniczak, A. E., Picińska-Faltynowicz, J., dan Szoszkiewicz, K. 2012. Do macrophytes, diatoms and nondiatom benthic algae give redundant information? Results from a case study in Poland. Limnologica 42 : 204–211.
Smith G. M. 1950. The freshwater algae of the United States, Second Edition, McGraw Hill Book Company, New York.
Stancheva, R. dan Sheath, R. G. 2016. Benthic soft-bodied algae as bioindicators of stream water quality. Review. Knowledge and Management of Aquatic Ecosystems.
Stevenson, R. J., Pan, Y., dan van Dam, H. 2010. Assessing environmental conditions in rivers and streams with diatoms, 57–85 dalam Smol, J. P., dan Stoermer, E. F., The Diatoms: applications for the environmental and earth sciences, 234 hal., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge .
Sudarso, J. dan Wardiatno, Y. 2015. Penilaian status mutu sungai dengan indikator makrozoobentos. Pena Nusantara.
Sudaryanti, S. 2003. Refleksi pemberdayaan untuk Penilaian Kualitas Air Sungai. Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan, Volume 6 Nomor 11, Tahun 2003. Fakultas Perikanan Universitas Brawijaya Malang.
Tan, X., Ma, P., Bunn, S. E., dan Zhang, Q. 2015. Development of a benthic diatom index of biotic integrity (BD-IBI) for ecosystem health assessment of human dominant subtropical rivers, China. Journal of Environmental Management 151 : 286−294.
Tang, T., Cai, Q., dan Liu, J. 2006. Using epilithic diatom communities to assess ecological condition of Xiangxi River system. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 112 : 347–361.
Wang, Y., Stevenson R. J., dan Metzmeier, L. 2005. Development and evaluation of a diatom-based Index of biotic integrity for the Interior Plateau Ecoregion, USA. North Am. Benthol. Soc. 24 : 990−1008.
Whittier, T. R., Hughes R. M.,, Stoddard, J. L., Lomnick G. A., Peck, D. V. dan Herlihy, A. T. 2007. A structured approach to developing indices of biotic integrity: three examples from western USA streams and rivers, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 136: 718–735.
Wu, N., Cai, Q., dan Fohrerb, N. 2012. Development and evaluation of a diatom-based index of biotic integrity (D-IBI) for rivers impacted by run-of-river dams. Ecological Indicator 18.
Xu, M., Wang, Z., Duan, X., dan Pan, B. 2014. Effects of pollution on macroinvertebrates and water quality bio-assessment. Hydrobiologia 729 : 247–259.
Yudo, Satmoko. 2010. Pengembangan Sistem Basis Data Kualitas Air Sungai di Wilayah Jakarta. Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Indonesia, Vol. 12 No. 2, Agustus 2010.
Zalack, J. T., Smucker, N. J., dan Vis, M. L. 2010. Development of a diatom index of biotic integrity for acid mine drainage impacted streams. Ecological Indicators 10 : 287–295.
Unduhan
Diterbitkan
Cara Mengutip
Terbitan
Bagian
Lisensi
The Authors submitting a manuscript do so on the understanding that if accepted for publication, copyright of the article shall be assigned to Jurnal Sumber Daya Air and Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Air as publisher of the journal.Copyright encompasses exclusive rights to reproduce and deliver the article in all form and media, including reprints, photographs, microfilms and any other similar reproductions, as well as translations. The reproduction of any part of this journal, its storage in databases and its transmission by any form or media, such as electronic, electrostatic and mechanical copies, photocopies, recordings, magnetic media, etc. , will be allowed only with a written permission from Jurnal Sumber Daya Air and Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Air.
Jurnal Sumber Daya Air and Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Air, the Editors and the Advisory International Editorial Board make every effort to ensure that no wrong or misleading data, opinions or statements be published in the journal.
