Pengaruh Organisme Perifiton dalam Memperbaiki Kualitas Air pada Lahan Basah Buatan Sistem Aliran Air Permukaan Bebas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32679/jsda.v14i1.289Kata Kunci:
Lahan basah buatan, penapisan, perfiton, alga, efektivitas, efisiensiAbstrak
Mekanisme utama penapisan kontaminan air pada lahan basah adalah aktivitas mikroorganisme. Salah satunya adalah perifiton yang hidup pada substrat terendam air. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penelitian pengaruh perifiton dalam LBB, yang berperan dalam memperbaiki kualitas air. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengidentifikasi kualitas influen, komposisi alga perifiton, alga perifiton sebagai produsen primer, pengaruh faktor kecepatan aliran air permukaan, kualitas efluen, efektivitas dan efisiensi LBB. Penelitian LBB dilakukan pada bulan Januari 2017 di Bandung. Analisis kualitas air menggunakan SNI dan standar yang berlaku. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan air selokan sebagai influen LBB terkontaminasi air limbah domestik dan beberapa parameter melebihi kriteria kualitas kelas III. Ditemukan tiga kelas alga bentik perifiton (Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta). Perifiton berperan dalam transfer oksigen kekolom air. Faktor kecepatan air permukaan berkorelasi kuat terhadap penapisan nitrat (r = 0,84) dan sangat kuat terhadap total fosfat (r = 0,90). Kualitas efluen yang memenuhi kriteria kelas III hanya
parameter total fosfat dan COD. Efektivitas pengolahan untuk BOD sebesar 6,6% ? 38,3% dan COD 6,0% ? 38%. Efisiensi pengolahan pada debit 0,01 L/s untuk amonium 3,4%; nitrat 39,2%; nitrogen organik 47,1%; fosfat total 53,6%; BOD 38,3%; COD 38%; deterjen 76,5%.
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